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Landscape and the Social Imaginary
Romantic Landscape & Cyberspace

ENGL 236— Fall 2004, Alan Liu
Notes for Class 8

This page contains materials intended to facilitate class discussion. The materials are not necessarily the same as the instructor's teaching notes and are not designed to represent a full exposition or argument. This page is subject to revision as the instructor finalizes preparation. (Last revised 11/16/04 )

Preliminary Class Business

  • Presentations

    • Today: Bret Brinkman
    • Next class: Katherine Voll

  • Prospectuses due this Wed.; Critiques due next Wed.



Historical Transition: c. 1804 -----------> 2004

<eye>Robert Rosenblum, Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko (New York: Harper and Row, 1975), p. 202:

"The American landscape, with its abundance of sublimities, was particularly conducive to the later flourishing of this Romantic tradition that would continue from Bierstadt and his late nineteenth-century contemporaries down to artists like O'Keeffe and Tack, and ultimately, to Still; but the tradition, of course, was born of European Romanticism."

 

<eye>Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1978), p. 234:

"Foucault proposes to substitute for history what he calls 'archaeology.' By this latter term he means to indicate his utter unconcern for the staple of conventional history of ideas: continuities, traditions, influences, causes, comparisons, typologies, and so on. He is interested, he tells us, only in the 'ruptures,' 'discontinuities,' and 'disjunctions' in the history of consciousness, that is to say, in the differences between the various epochs in the history of consciousness, rather than the similarities. The conventional historian's interest in continuities, Foucault maintains, is merely a symptom of what he calls 'temporal agoraphobia,' an obsession with filled intellectual spaces. It is just as legitimate, and therapeutically more salutary for the future of the human sciences, to stress the discontinuities in Western man's thought about his own being-in-the-world."

 

<eye>Friedrich Kittler, Discourse Networks, 1800/1900, trans. Michael Metteer with Chris Cullens (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1990) (orig. pub. in German in 1985 as Aufscreibesysteme)

 

<eye>Some of the artists Rosenblum looks at in his chapter on "Abstract Expressionism":




Land Art (Mini-gallery)

American

British




Andy Goldsworthy

 




Place

  • W. Wordsworth, Poems on the Naming of Places,
    e.g., "To M. H."

  • T. S. Eliot, from Four Quartets, "Burnt Norton," ll. 17-46

  • Ernest Hemingway, fronm "Big Two-Hearted River":

    Nick moved along through the shallow stretch watching the banks for deep holes. A beech tree grew close beside the river, so that the branches hung down into the water. The stream went back in under the leaves. There were always trout in a place like that.

    Nick did not care about fishing that hole. He was sure he would get hooked in the branches.

    It looked deep though. He dropped the grasshopper so the current took it under water, back in under the overhanging branch. The line pulled hard and Nick struck. The trout threshed heavily, half out of water in the leaves and branches. The line was caught. Nick pulled hard and the trout was off. He reeled in and holding the hook in his hand, walked down the stream.

    Ahead, close to the left bank, was a big log. Nick saw it was hollow; pointing up river the current entered it smoothly, only a little ripple spread each side of the log. The water was deepening. The top of the hollow log was gray and dry. It was partly in the shadow.

    Nick took the cork out of the grasshopper bottle and a hopper clung to it. He picked him off, hooked him and tossed him out. He held the rod far out so that the hopper on the water moved into the current flowing into the hollow log. Nick lowered the rod and the hopper floated in. There was a heavy strike. Nick swung the rod against the pull. It felt as though he were hooked into the log itself, except for the live feeling.

    He tried to force the fish out into the current. It came, heavily.

    The line went slack and Nick thought the trout was gone. Then he saw him, very near, in the current, shaking his head, trying to get the hook out. His mouth was clamped shut. He was fighting the hook in the clear flowing current.

    Looping in the line with his left hand. Nick swung the rod to make the line taut and tried to lead the trout toward the net, but he was gone, out of sight, the line pumping. Nick fought him against the current, letting him thump in the water against the spring of the rod. He shifted the rod to his left hand, worked the trout upstream, holding his weight, fighting on the rod, and then let him down into the net. He lifted him clear of the water, a heavy half circle in the net, the net dripping, unhooked him and slid him into the sack.

    He spread the mouth of the sack and looked down in at the two big trout alive in the water.

    Through the deepening water. Nick waded over to the hollow log. He took the sack off, over his head, the trout flopping as it came out of water, and hung it so the trout were deep in the water. Then he pulled himself up on the log and sat, the water from his trouser and boots running down into the stream. He laid his rod down, moved along to the shady end of the log and took the sandwiches out of his pocket. He dipped the sandwiches in the cold water. The current carried away the crumbs. He ate the sandwiches and dipped his hat full of water to drink, the water running out through his hat just ahead of his drinking.

    It was cool in the shade, sitting on the log. He took a cigarette out and struck a match to light it. The match sunk into the gray wood, making a tiny furrow. Nick leaned over the side of the log, found a hard place and lit the match. He sat smoking and watching the river.

    Ahead the river narrowed and went into a swamp. The river became smooth and deep and the swamp looked solid with cedar trees, their trunks dose together, their branches solid. It would not be possible to walk through a swamp like that. The branches grew so low. You would have to keep almost level with the ground to move at all. You could not crash through the branches. That must be why the animals that lived in swamps were built the way they were. Nick thought.


  • Robert Smithson
  • Richard Long

  • Andy Goldsworthy



Media




Bibliography of Land Art

Other resources for this class

  • Marc Augé, Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity, trans. John Howe (London: Verso, 1995) [orig. pub. in French, 1992] (book cover)

  • Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham: Duke Univ. Press, 1991) (images of postmodern spaces)

  • Edward W. Soja, Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (London: Verso, 1989)

  • John Clare's poetry

  • Ansel Adams